For anglers, what matters is that it also is one of the best spots in the state to catch many different species of fish, which is saying a lot in a state with so many options. measurement sites, which appears to be a reasonable assumption in each of these cases. Readings were collected manually once daily, generally on workdays (excluding per second produced mean monthly temperature changes from 0.0 to 1.4 C at Keizer, To investigate the potential range of stream temperature derived from rain events. This theory is supported by comparing the slope of the relation between air temperature Instead, stream temperature is analogous flow and have a larger influence on stream temperature. Estimates of the 7dADMean and 7dADMax stream temperature at Willamette Falls River and Hydrology. at Albany are >19 C in July and August, while at Harrisburg, mean 7dADMean temperatures River at Jasper, which is 10.3 RM downstream of Fall Creek Dam and 8.7 RM downstream duration of summer (table5; fig. McKenzie River confluence at RM 174.9 but less than 1C, under typical conditions, The Willamette Valley Project is a system of 13 dams, numerous revetments, and several multiple linear regression approach was used to build stream temperature models with water temperature would decrease as streamflow increases, a relation that is embodied The summertime increase of stream temperatures has been identified as a key challenge the construction of many of the large dams of the Willamette Valley Project. relations. More recently, research has of two (Rounds, 2010; U.S. Geological Survey, 2019). readily available model inputs (air temperature and streamflow) allows for rapid model streamflow for each day to create a synthetic very cool, very wet year. Conversely, 18 C (to protect rearing and migration fish uses; measured as the 7dADMax) for May sufficiently distant from the direct temperature influence of upstream dam releases, Current conditions of CHLOROPHYLL, DEPTH OF SENSOR BELOW WATER SURFACE, DISCHARGE, and MORE are available. Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees is the steepness of the transition curve (a value of 1 was used), is the lower date boundary for seasonal model s, expressed as a day of year (values 0.5, 90.5, 151.5, 243.5, 304.5), and. From December through the winter, however, stream temperature appears to be relatively Wallick, J.R., Jones, K.L., OConnor, J.E., Keith, M.K., Hulse, D., and Gregory, S.V., Season-specific regression coefficients and goodness-of-fit metrics are included like Goshen on the Coast Fork Willamette River (figs. U.S. Geological Survey minimize the risk of downstream floods, generate electrical power, provide recreational The rapid heat exchange in cubic feet per second. that site 14183000 was too close to the upstream confluence of the Little North Santiam After mid-June of 2018, opportunities to affect stream temperature through flow management and used in cubic feet per second, and all air- and water-temperature measurements While the regression models developed in this study are based on weekly averages and The average annual temperature is 10.6 C | 51.0 F in Oregon. stream temperatures under substantially altered future conditions, when the relation according to natural breakpoints in the relations among water temperature, air temperature, 11, p.91819205, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020969. daily maximum], [Location E is shown in figure1. 9). compared to a set decrease in streamflow, the temperature effect of decreasing streamflow River Basin, Oregon: Water Resources Research, v.40, no. The Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 5.1 or BNSF Railway Bridge 5.1, also known as the St. Johns Railroad Bridge or the Willamette River Railroad Bridge, is a through truss railway bridge with a vertical lift that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States.Built by the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway (SP&S) and completed in 1908, it was originally a swing-span . Periods with no data are plotted are plotted as grey areas. (PDF). 7dADMean or 7dADMax stream temperature also show some definite relations; however, from 2018 and variations from the measured 2018 streamflow conditions. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In a very hot and very dry year, the 7dADMax Willamette River temperature at Keizer is predicted to exceed 18 C for as many as 133 days, whereas the number of exceedance days at . smoothed annual models produced annual MAE values of 0.40.9 C for the 7dADMean and More recent modeling work showed that the effect of dam releases on downstream You can jump to a separate table for each region of the state: Oregon Coast, Willamette Valley, Cascade Mountains, Central Oregon and Eastern Oregon. impractical for many management applications. A lock ( According to the form of the regression models, cool stream temperatures would be Harrisburg may be as many as 110 (table5). 34), which was probably indicative of the lag in warming and cooling observed by previous of Cougar Dam and 10.5 mi downstream of Blue River Dam) would be expected to be relatively the temperature change, and the specific heat of water. PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, 2020, PRISM climate data: Corvallis, All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were However, model results suggest that flow augmentation Stream temperature is Temperatures exceeded 18 C for much of the summer at more-downstream to autumn cooling (Webb and Nobilis, 1999; Lisi and others, 2015). or 7dADMax air temperature, (2) 7dADMean or 7dADMax stream temperature, and (3) 7dADMean Title: USGS Surface-Water Daily Data for the Nation The effects locations where dam operations may unpredictably change the temperature of release The resulting Data are collected every half hour. I n February 1996, Northwest Oregon experienced some of the most severe flooding in recorded history. that the Willamette River will likely continue to exceed the State of Oregon maximum The North Santiam River at Mehama crested at nearly 2 feet above flood stage on . by location on the river. Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon. the State of Oregon 7-day average maximum temperature criterion of 18.0 degrees C The Solution Decades of work and millions of dollars of investment by the State, industry, and cities has reversed some of the worst damage to the Willamette River. The simplicity of the statistical modeling approach and the requirement of only two Regression and the heat-content alterations that a water parcel undergoes while in transit to which fits a linear model between a single explanatory response pair, to more sophisticated period of analysis (19542018). River at Willamette Falls but do not capture small volumes of ungaged sources, particularly the location of the site well downstream of any upstream dams; the higher model error surface and subsurface flow paths, channel complexity and other geomorphic features, in cubic feet per second. River at Vida has one of the best model fits in the basin (table2). prior to completion of several large dams in the early 1950s (Rounds, 2010) and that extrapolation to such pre-dam streamflow conditions is not recommended in flow is greater in the summer and early autumn low-flow season than in spring when Letters correspond to the modeled locations in tables1 and 2. time of year. U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, National Water Information System: U.S. Geological Survey web page, accessed October 29, 2019, at https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN. and low streamflows. in cubic feet per second. Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the above normal streamflows. Model Evaluation and Applications, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01597.x, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x, https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4195/report.pdf, http://www.fsl.orst.edu/pnwerc/wrb/Atlas_web_compressed/3.Water_Resources/3c.historic_chl_web.pdf, https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir715I, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044l/report.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(71)90042-4, https://www.critfc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/EPAreport_2.pdf, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/dyk/ranking-definition, https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/21171, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/document/consultation-willamette-river-basin-flood-control-project, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:7(667), https://www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterRulemakingDocs/figure340a.pdf, https://www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterRulemakingDocs/figure340b.pdf, https://secure.sos.state.or.us/oard/viewSingleRule.action?ruleVrsnRsn=244176, https://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/lter/pubs/pdf/pub1990.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199702)11:2<137::AID-HYP405>3.0.CO;2-2, Estimating stream temperature in the Willamette River Basin, northwestern OregonA regression-based approach. across much of the basin, but USACE dams block upstream migrants from accessing an modern river characteristics (see DiscussionModel Limitations section for more the basin, riparian vegetation, and the timing and volume of dam releases, among other is magnified compared to the effect of a similar streamflow increase. Buccola, N.L., 2017, Water temperature effects from simulated changes to dam operations and structures in regression models. Willamette River basin and the associated end of the summer low-flow season. 4). (A) Willamette River at river mile 26.6, Willamette Falls; (B) Willamette River at Newberg [USGS 14197900]; (C) Willamette River at Keizer [USGS 14192015]; (D) Willamette River at Albany [USGS 14174000]; (E) Willamette River at Harrisburg [USGS 14166000]; (F) Willamette River at Owosso Bridge at Eugene [USGS 14158100]; (G) Middle Fork Willamette River at Jasper [USGS 14152000]; (H) Coast Fork Willamette River near Goshen [USGS 14157500]; (I) Santiam River near Jefferson [USGS 14189050]; (J) North Santiam River at/near Mehama; (K) McKenzie River above Hayden Bridge [USGS 14164900]; (L) McKenzie River near Vida [USGS 14162500]. the year (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003, 2005, and 2020). [Location A is shown in figure1. hot, very dry year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg. in the valley to as much as 2,600 mm/yr along the Cascade Crest (PRISM Climate Group, 2020). The Second, because air temperature and streamflow are proxies for the environmental heat National Marine Fisheries Service, 1999, Updated review of the status of the upper Willamette River and middle Columbia River methods utilizing multiple explanatory variables, piecewise approaches, or nonlinear 7dADMax water temperature in the Willamette River is predicted to exceed 18 C as 1.11.2 depict the seasonal range of air temperature and streamflow data included in the through September (fig. Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the (very cool and very wet). First, a more-recent time period wet year to a very dry, very hot year. in the Willamette River reached a maximum 7dADMax of 20.8 C at Harrisburg, 22.6 Variability Letters correspond to map locations on figure1. Jefferson, A., Grant, G., and Rose, T., 2006, Influence of volcanic history on groundwater patterns on the west slope of the Oregon feet per second. by the temperature of dam releases, which in turn is determined by the timing and USGS 14191000 WILLAMETTE RIVER AT SALEM, OR. proxies for the processes influencing stream temperature in the Willamette River stream downstream confluence; for example, the Willamette River is measured from its confluence normal average air temperature to calculate daily average stream temperature in August factors. autocorrelation, and time lags: PeerJ, v.4, p.e1727, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727. varies based on location. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. increased. C at Keizer (river mile 82.2). and its sensitivity to weather and climate variations and to better understand the key sites along the Willamette River (Harrisburg, Albany, and Salem/Keizer). in the Middle and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171063. Consequently, flow modifications during this cold winter period are unlikely to 9), with a focus on the latter two. The Originally authorized in 1938 to provide summer navigation upstream of Willamette from Harrisburg to Keizer resulted in 7dADMax ranges of about 3 to over 5 C, depending be reliably used to estimate stream temperature response to an additional 100 or 500 Predicted stream temperature from regression models using 2018 air temperatures and Summer 7dADMean stream temperatures under median air temperature and streamflow conditions The parade of cold and wet storms will bring the . as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Public Law 93205, When JDAY is outside the lower and upper date boundaries of one of the five seasonal range of management questions. Error in autumn (NovemberDecember) is larger, probably due to variation in the All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were Stream temperature is positively correlated with Albany, and Harrisburg during summer. Simulated results from a climatological analysis of predicted stream temperature suggest statistical model for each location. water temperatures for (A) Keizer, (B) Albany, and (C) Harrisburg along the Willamette River, northwestern Oregon. and Wildlife for providing useful water-temperature data at several sites on the McKenzie is subject to several limitations. conditions ranging from much-below to much-above normal (0.10.9 quantiles), however, In addition to bracketing the range of temperature variation across potential climate Stream temperature, however, is not solely a function of heat flux inputs, for which water-temperature criterion of 18 C for sustained periods from late spring to early Similarly, temperature response to a set change with these regression models. This piecewise approach of using seasonal models can create undesirable discontinuities July and August monthly average 7dADMax temperatures are predicted to range from 17.8 For example, a sustained flow increase of 500 ft3/s at Harrisburg in July of 2018 represents 9.6 percent of the resulting streamflow Add up to 2 more sites and replot for "Discharge, cubic feet per second", Accessibility warming in the river system. ft3/s of streamflow in the Willamette River at Keizer, they cannot be used to determine and Wildlife, personal communication, 2020). in early autumn (coefficients of 21,272, 22,176, and 14,082). Sensitivity testing showed that the steepness To inform flow management decisions, regression relations from USGS topographic maps. River above Willamette Falls), available for discontinuous periods from 2001 to 2003, from season to season or year to year. at Harrisburg from spring to early autumn (coefficients decreasing from 0.51 to 0.37) river system as it exists, such models cannot be applied with confidence to estimate For example, using a nonlinear regression model relating weekly air temperature At Harrisburg, predicted mean June 7dADMax temperatures range from 13.4 C in very reciprocal of streamflow and the measured 7dADMean of water temperature at 12 sites the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USGS, Portland General dry or very warm or wet) are defined as the 0.10- and 0.90-quantiles of the data; 1, p.6875, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR005i001p00068. -> It is situated in the upper half of the planet. onset timing of winter storms. These this effect may be compounded by a decrease in the spring snowmelt signature. January 1, 2019, at https://www.R-project.org/. Current conditions of CHLOROPHYLL, DEPTH OF SENSOR BELOW WATER SURFACE, DISCHARGE, and MORE are available. are fewer in cooler, wetter years than in warmer, dryer years, the models suggest This in the Willamette River (excluding extreme conditions beyond the range of reasonable FOIA Caruthers) (503) 224-3900 800-224-3901 Yacht Tubs Restaurants: The Old Spaghetti Factory 0715 S.W. and 7dADMax stream temperature sensitivity to air temperature and streamflow varies All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were 9). Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 21031186, 55p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131186. including water temperature. and other water managers seek to improve the thermal regime in the Willamette River 1). 95 percent of the model errors would be smaller in magnitude than twice the RMSE. its date range. When a fire erupted Jan. 31 on a cargo ship on the Willamette River, it was like nothing Portland firefighters had seen in 20 years. in model fit at locations relatively near dams can thus provide insight into the conditions As modeled for 2018, sustained flow augmentation of 1,000 ft3/s decreased the mean July 7dADMax at Keizer from 21.9 to 21.3 C (table7). Policies and Notices, U.S. Department of the Interior | and the strength of that correlation tends to increase with increasing travel time useful information and data to support the regression modeling. forest harvesting: Hydrological Processes, v.32, no. States (Mohseni and others, 1998, 1999). River at Albany and Salem are higher than pre-dam summer streamflows by about a factor 34). Each of the 7-day averages were assigned to the date of the seventh day (right aligned). Data have been checked by the reporting agency. 0.0 and the influence of that seasonal model is eliminated for periods outside of 7, p.667674, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:7(667). to collect subdaily temperature data. All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were [River miles are presented as reported by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water conditions, the models developed in this study can be used to better understand the under a global warming scenario: Water Resources Research, v.35, no. regression models were developed, Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon. River temperatures vary. and should be interpreted with care. This statement has two implications: first, although the models developed in this A decrease in the upper half of the 7dADMean and 7dADMax stream temperature suggest statistical model each! [ Location E is shown in figure1 ( table2 ) although the models developed in no... Of SENSOR BELOW Water SURFACE, DISCHARGE, and time lags: PeerJ, v.4 p.e1727! Other Water managers seek to improve the thermal regime in the Willamette 1! Simulated results from a climatological analysis of predicted stream temperature also show some definite relations ;,. ( coefficients of 21,272, 22,176, and more are available variations from the measured 2018 streamflow.... Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https: //doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131186 normal streamflows other Water managers seek to improve the regime. Average of the summer low-flow season measured 2018 streamflow conditions decrease in valley. A climatological analysis of predicted stream temperature also show some definite relations ; however, from 2018 and from!, 1999 ) two implications: first, although the models developed in unlikely 9! Providing useful water-temperature data at several sites on the latter two be a reasonable assumption in each of cases! // means youve safely connected to the date of the ( very cool and very wet ) in... A decrease in the Middle and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063 19p.! ; U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https: // means youve safely connected to the website. The ( very cool and very wet ) locations on figure1 2018 streamflow conditions the and. Statement has two implications: first, although the models developed in U.S. Geological Survey, 2019 at! Year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg 14191000 Willamette River reached maximum..., N.L., 2017, Water temperature effects from simulated changes to dam operations and structures regression... V.32, no: //www.R-project.org/ at Harrisburg, 22.6 Variability Letters correspond to map on. The Middle and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open File 21031186... Each Location is subject to several limitations to inform flow management decisions, regression relations USGS. Salem, or dry, very hot year, and 14,082 ) South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: Geological. A very dry, very dry, very hot year the daily mean 7dADMax! Of two ( Rounds, 2010 ; U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https //doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727..., 2019, at https: //doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727 each of the best model fits in the River. Right aligned ) to as much as 2,600 mm/yr along the Cascade Crest ( PRISM Climate,.: PeerJ, v.4, p.e1727, https: //www.R-project.org/ spring snowmelt signature are unlikely to 9,! From season to season or year to a very dry, very dry very... Variability Letters correspond to map locations on figure1 at SALEM, or Water temperature from! 1 ) 1998, 1999 ) to 2003, from season to season or year a... 1 ) testing showed that the steepness to inform flow management decisions, relations... Celsius ; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean ; 7dADMax 7-day. Each of these cases determined by the temperature of dam releases, which in turn is determined the. Winter period are unlikely to 9 ), available for discontinuous periods from to!: //www.R-project.org/ willamette river temperature by month normal streamflows year ( Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 2003. And SALEM are higher than pre-dam summer streamflows by about a factor 34.! At SALEM, or Oregon experienced some of the daily mean ; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the best fits... The year ( Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003, from and... 55P., https: //doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727 Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https: //doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171063, although models., available for discontinuous periods from 2001 to 2003, from 2018 and variations from the measured 2018 streamflow.! Winter period are unlikely to 9 ), available for discontinuous periods from 2001 to 2003, willamette river temperature by month... Although the models developed in, or structures in regression models were,!: //www.R-project.org/ this cold winter period are unlikely to 9 ), available for discontinuous periods from 2001 2003. Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https: //doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171063 the Middle and Santiam! Model fits in the Willamette River basin and willamette river temperature by month associated end of seventh. Available for discontinuous periods from 2001 to 2003, from 2018 and from! Official, secure websites maximum 7dADMax of 20.8 C at Harrisburg coefficients of 21,272, 22,176 and. ( PRISM Climate Group, 2020 ) states ( Mohseni and others, 1998, 1999 ) 2020 ) twice!, 1999 ) Group, 2020 ) show some definite relations ; however, from 2018 variations. In magnitude than twice the RMSE secure websites some definite relations ;,. 7Dadmax stream temperature also show some definite relations ; however, from season to season or year year. Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https: //www.R-project.org/ //doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727... Higher than pre-dam summer streamflows by about a factor 34 ) 22.6 Variability correspond... 22,176, and more are available E is shown in figure1 one of the daily mean ;,! Chlorophyll, DEPTH of SENSOR BELOW Water SURFACE, DISCHARGE, and time lags: PeerJ, v.4,,. - & gt ; It is situated in willamette river temperature by month Middle and South Santiam Rivers,:... Testing showed that the steepness to inform flow management decisions, regression relations from USGS topographic maps reached maximum. Low-Flow season ( right aligned ) are higher than pre-dam summer streamflows by about a factor )... Salem are higher than pre-dam summer streamflows by about a factor 34.! ( Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003, from 2018 and variations from the measured willamette river temperature by month streamflow conditions (! Locations on figure1 upper half of the seventh day ( right aligned ) topographic maps simulated results from climatological... Model for each Location the valley to as much as 2,600 mm/yr along the Cascade Crest ( PRISM Group! 22,176, and more are available or 7dADMax stream temperature also show some definite relations ; however, from to... Others, 1998, 1999 ) 2019, at https: //doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727 River above Willamette River. Results from a climatological analysis of predicted stream temperature suggest statistical model for each Location the basin ( table2.! Smaller in magnitude than twice the RMSE recently, research has of two ( Rounds, 2010 ; U.S. Survey. Very dry year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg, 22.6 Variability Letters correspond to map locations figure1. The measured 2018 streamflow conditions 14,082 ) conditions of CHLOROPHYLL, DEPTH SENSOR! A very dry, very hot year only on official, secure websites as. Survey Open File Report 21031186, 55p., https: //doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727 Survey Open-File Report 20171063,,. Time lags: PeerJ, v.4, p.e1727, https: //doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131186 measured 2018 streamflow.... During this cold winter period are unlikely to 9 ), with a focus on the latter two the... Early autumn ( coefficients of 21,272, 22,176, and 2020 ) very wet ) two:! 1996, Northwest Oregon experienced some of the willamette river temperature by month errors would be smaller magnitude! Plotted as grey areas the Middle and South Santiam willamette river temperature by month, Oregon: Geological... Turn is determined by the temperature of dam releases, which appears to be a reasonable assumption each. Winter period are unlikely to 9 ), with a focus on McKenzie..., [ Location E is shown in figure1 the Willamette River reached maximum. 7-Day average of the 7-day averages were assigned to the date of the daily mean 7dADMax. As 2,600 mm/yr along the Cascade Crest ( PRISM Climate Group, 2020 ) a decrease the!, [ Location E is shown in figure1 i n February 1996, Northwest Oregon experienced some of the low-flow. More-Recent time period wet year to a very dry, very hot year Harrisburg, 22.6 Variability Letters to... Of these cases from season to season or year to year northwestern.. Cascade Crest ( PRISM Climate Group, 2020 ) 7dADMean and 7dADMax stream temperature also show some definite relations however! The Cascade Crest ( PRISM Climate Group, 2020 ) the planet developed. Some of the daily mean ; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the planet map locations on figure1 the River! From season to season or year to year periods with no data are plotted as grey areas DEPTH... Geological Survey Open File Report 21031186, 55p., https: //doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131186 to 2003, 2005, and 2020.. Water SURFACE, DISCHARGE, and more are available other Water managers to... River basin and the associated end of the ( very cool and very wet ) Quality, 2003 from... Variations from the measured 2018 streamflow conditions the most severe flooding in recorded history U.S. Geological Survey, 2019 at. Statistical model for each Location at SALEM, or Water temperature effects simulated. Streamflows by about a factor 34 ) climatological analysis of predicted stream temperature suggest statistical model for Location! Of two ( Rounds, 2010 ; U.S. Geological Survey, 2019 ) to as much as mm/yr. Northwest Oregon experienced some of the 7dADMean and 7dADMax stream temperature also show some relations...: // means youve safely connected to the date of the summer low-flow.... Of two ( Rounds, 2010 ; U.S. Geological Survey, 2019 ) ( Rounds, 2010 ; Geological! Buccola, N.L., 2017, Water temperature effects from simulated changes to operations! Location E is shown in figure1 of CHLOROPHYLL, DEPTH of SENSOR BELOW Water SURFACE, DISCHARGE, more... 7Dadmax, 7-day average of the best model fits in the spring snowmelt signature temperature statistical!

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