Colin Newbury, "Technology, Capital, and Consolidation: The Performance of De Beers Mining Company Limited, 18801889". Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). [57] The Boers accepted British annexation in 1844. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. [134] The South African government issued no war service medal to the black servicemen and the special medal issued by King George V to "native troops" that served the Empire, the British War Medal in bronze, was disallowed and not issued to the SANLC. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. President Kruger suspected the insurgency had received at least the tacit approval of the Cape Colony government under the premiership of Cecil John Rhodes, and that Kruger's South African Republic faced imminent danger. The discoveries also led to new conflicts culminating in open warfare between the Boer settlers and the British Empire, fought essentially for control over the nascent South African mining industry. These groups were displaced or sometimes absorbed by migrating Africans (Bantus) during the Bantu expansion from Western and Central Africa. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. Over several hundred years, borders have been made, changed and broken, making family history difficult to trace. Abebe: The genesis of this Ethiopian name is Amharic, and it means 'flower' or 'blossom'. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". 6. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. 2. In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. About three thousand Zulu warriors died in the clash known historically as the Battle of Blood River.[81][82]. "[69] They were joined on their long journey by a number of San and Khoikhoi aboriginals, local African tribesmen, and also some white renegades. In September 1854, 28 Boers accused of cattle rustling were killed in three separate incidents by an alliance of the Ndebele chiefdoms of Mokopane and Mankopane. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. Meaning: 'Lion.' 3. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. During the administration of President Jacob Zuma corruption in South Africa had also become a growing problem. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. [24] To this end, a small VOC expedition under the command of Jan van Riebeeck reached Table Bay on 6 April 1652. In March 1858, after land disputes, cattle rustling and a series of raids and counter-raids, the Orange Free State declared war on the Basotho kingdom, which it failed to defeat. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. Click. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. [171] Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested on charges of treason and murder, after a bomb explosion in Soweto. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). 127. [3], European exploration of the African coast began in the 13th century when Portugal committed itself to discover an alternative route to the silk road that would lead to China. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Khumalo: Pretorius: Pretorius is a surname of Germanic origins. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. Lerato [55] The name Orange Free State was again changed to the Orange River Colony, created by Britain after the latter occupied it in 1900 and then annexed it in 1902 during the Second Boer War. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. The Coloured element was generally supportive and many served in a Coloured Corps in East Africa and France, also hoping to better themselves after the war.[131]. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. (, Viljoen, Russel S. (1995). [109] In 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares. [214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. A local trader Dick King and his servant Ndongeni, who later became folk heroes, were able to escape the blockade and ride to Grahamstown, a distance of 600km (372.82 miles) in 14 days to raise British reinforcements. [212] Lesotho, South Africa Kolobe Wild Hog Free State Bagananwa/Bahananwa Sesotho sa Leboa: South Africa Tshwene Baboon Bahurutshe, Limpopo Bahlakoana Sesotho Lesotho, South Africa Free State, Koena, families descending from Disema and Molapo, second and third born sons of Napo a Koena. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", was implemented in 1948. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. Owners who had purchased slaves on credit or put them up as surety against loans faced financial ruin. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. 37. Griqualand then became a separate Crown Colony renamed Griqualand West in 1871, with a Lieutenant-General and legislative council. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. [107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. [24] Others, now known as the SothoTswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), settled in the interior on the plateau known as the Highveld,[24] while today's Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga peoples made their homes in the north-eastern areas of present-day South Africa. English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. Abioye (Yoruba origin) meaning "son of royalty". This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. Akpan. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. Renewed tensions between Britain and the Boers peaked in 1899 when the British demanded voting rights for the 60,000 foreign whites on the Witwatersrand. [143], General Jan Smuts was the only important non-British general whose advice was constantly sought by Britain's war-time Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Most Common South African Surnames & Meanings Most Common Last Names In South Africa Forebears knows about 821,426 unique surnames in South Africa and there are 66 people per name. 1972. In a referendum held on 17 March 1992, the white electorate voted 68% in favour of democracy. To Moshoeshoe the BaSotho chieftain from Lesotho, it was customary tribute in the form of horses and cattle represented acceptance of land use under his authority. Aguer (South Sudanese origin) means "tree". Page 1 2. For nearly 100 years subsequently, the Xhosa fought the settlers sporadically, first the Boers or Afrikaners and later the British. As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. South Africa's ports and harbours on the Home Front were a crucial strategic asset when conducting a war on a global scale. Ndlovu: Means elephant. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. Get in touch! Open hostilities ceased between the Orange Free State and the Basotho. [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. Following the Invasion of the Cape Colony by the British in 1795 and 1806, mass migrations collectively known as the Great Trek occurred during which the Voortrekkers established several Boer settlements on the interior of South Africa. The armed incursion became known as the Jameson Raid. [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which was located near the northern border of present-day South Africa, at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe rivers adjacent to present-day Zimbabwe and Botswana, was the first indigenous kingdom in southern Africa between AD 900 and 1300. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. [45] Shaka built large armies, breaking from clan tradition by placing the armies under the control of his own officers rather than of hereditary chiefs. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. The Transvaal Boer republic was forcefully annexed by Britain in 1877, during Britain's attempt to consolidate the states of southern Africa under British rule. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. [230][231][232] Notable corruption related scandals during this period included incidents of widespread state capture[233] often involving allegations against the Gupta family. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). The Cape and the VOC had to import Dutch farmers to establish farms to supply the passing ships as well as to supply the growing VOC settlement. After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. The first was formed by Hermann Eckstein in 1887, eventually becoming Rand Mines. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Pretorius Southern African, Afrikaans From Latin praetor meaning "leader". In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. [223], A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. 'Explaining the Ship Traffic Fluctuations in the Early Cape Settlement: 16521793', South African Journal of Economic History, 23 (2008), pp. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. [86] In the battles that followed, the Orange Free State tried unsuccessfully to capture Moshoeshoe's mountain stronghold at Thaba Bosiu, while the Sotho conducted raids in Free State territories. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. By 1869, diamonds were found at some distance from any stream or river, in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of Kimberley where the diamond diggings were concentrated. [249][250] By mid-July, the South African National Defense Forces had deployed approximately 25,000 military personnel. As punishment to the Basotho, the governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape Colony, George Cathcart, deployed troops to the Mohokare River; Moshoeshoe was ordered to pay a fine. [131], Public opinion in South Africa split along racial and ethnic lines. Barend-van Haeften, Marijke; Paasman, Bert: Delmas, Adrien, 'The Role of Writing in the First Steps of the Colony: A Short Enquiry in the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, 16521662', in. [225] The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Smith's expansion of the Cape Colony resulted in conflict with disaffected Boers in the Orange River Sovereignty who in 1848 mounted an abortive rebellion at Boomplaats, where the Boers were defeated by a detachment of the Cape Mounted Rifles. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. 128 km per hour in the match against England at Cape Town. Three thousand Zulu warriors died in the U.K. in 2005, with a and! More than a decade later south african surname origins Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country providing... And his expansionist policies set the stage for the 60,000 foreign whites on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the began. Voted 68 % in favour of democracy and Cuban involvement had ended military collections insights. Keeps coming or reincarnation. & quot ; when they served, and.. 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