[58][59][105] Graham has held the position since he assumed office in 1976. House of Commons: Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, Cusack & McDonald, p.3435, 105, 199, 205, The Lost Lives, David McKittrick, Page 1475, Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:47, Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions, protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent, Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997 Loyalists and the IRA killing and reprisals, Republic of Ireland national football team, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, "Report drawn up on behalf of the Political Affairs Committee on the situation in Northern Ireland", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfGe4WO8yok, "Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations", "Inside the UVF: Money, murders and mayhem - the loyalist gang's secrets unveiled", "UVF mural on Shankill Road being investigated by police", "UVF 'behind racist attacks in south and east Belfast'", Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1800 to 1967, "Irish tighten security after Dublin bombing", "Call for probe of British link to 1974 bombs", "Collusion in the South Armagh / Mid Ulster Area in the mid-1970's". The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. Gusty Spence, who has died aged 78, was the . The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. Spence said loyalists offered "abject and true remorse" to the loved ones of all the innocent victims of the Troubles. It set up a paramilitary-style wing called the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV). He would go on to hold private talks with the then Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. Entdecke Gareth Mulvenna - Mein Leben in Loyalitt - Neues Taschenbuch - C245A in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! [25], Spence appealed against his conviction and was the subject of a release petition organised by the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee, although nothing came of either initiative. Slowly. "Sunningdale pushed hard-liners into fatal outrages in 1974". Along with the UDA, it helped to enforce the strike by blocking roads, intimidating workers, and shutting any businesses that opened. The group is a proscribed organisation and is on the terrorist organisation list of the United Kingdom.[8]. The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. [99][100], On 4 March 2021, the UVF, Red Hand Commando and UDA renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement. 2023 BBC. . The UVF's leadership is based in Belfast and known as the Brigade Staff. Henry McDonald. Sun 25 Sep 2011 13.46 EDT. Ever Loved makes it easy to compare funeral homes, funeral parlors and mortuaries, so you can find the best fit. The UVF's declared goals were to combat Irish republicanism particularly the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and to maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. She told mourners that he had made friends among republicans and socialists and among people from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. And openly colluded with the UDA (UFF) and UVF through the Paramilitary groups he founded. [35], Spence's time on the outside came to an end on 4 November when he was captured by Colonel Derek Wilford of the Parachute Regiment, who identified Spence by tattoos on his hands. [123][124], The strength of the UVF is uncertain. Both of them shared "a deep sense of history", and he spoke of Mr Lynch's "lasting ambition" to see peace in Ireland. [30] He remained at large for four months and during that time even gave an interview to ITV's World in Action in which he called for the UVF to take an increased role in the Northern Ireland conflict against the Provisional IRA. However, RUC Special Branch believed that his brother Billy, who kept a much lower public profile, was the real leader of the group. [54] The UVF was behind the deaths of seven civilians in a series of attacks on 2 October. He then became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. Loyalists were successful in importing arms into Northern Ireland. Spence joined the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP), becoming a leading figure in the group. Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. [158] Loyalists in Portadown such as Bobby Jameson have stated that the LVF (the Mid-Ulster Brigade that broke away from the main UVF - and led by Billy Wright) was not a 'loyalist organisation but a drugs organisation causing misery in Portadown. [58], The UVF's nickname is "Blacknecks", derived from their uniform of black polo neck jumper, black trousers, black leather jacket, black forage cap, along with the UVF badge and belt. Read about our approach to external linking. [54] The number of killings in Northern Ireland had decreased from around 300 per year between 1973 and 1976 to just under 100 in the years 19771981. "[97], In June 2017, Gary Haggarty, former UVF commander for north Belfast and south-east Antrim, pleaded guilty to 200 charges, including five murders. [45], In 1974, hardliners staged a coup and took over the Brigade Staff. [36] It also continued its attacks in the Republic of Ireland, bombing the Dublin-Belfast railway line, an electricity substation, a radio mast, and Irish nationalist monuments. The UVF stated that the attempted attack was a protest against the Irish Army units "still massed on the border in County Donegal". [15], Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the Ulster Volunteer Force was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. All were widely blamed on the IRA, and British soldiers were sent to guard installations. Such retaliation was seen as both collective punishment and an attempt to weaken the IRA's support; it was thought that terrorising the Catholic community and inflicting such a death toll on it would force the IRA to end its campaign. The charges were dropped but later in 1966 he was given life for the murder of Peter Ward, who had called in to a Shankill Road bar with Catholic workmates and was shot dead as he left. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. [47] Spence went on to become a leading advocate for the Good Friday Agreement. 2023 BBC. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [18] On 27 May, Spence ordered four UVF men to kill an Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, Leo Martin, who lived on the Falls Road. [5] He was educated at the Riddel School on Malvern Street and the Hemsworth Square school, finishing his education aged fourteen. [24] On 21 May, the group issued a statement: From this day, we declare war against the Irish Republican Army and its splinter groups. Bates, employed as a barman at the Long Bar, was recruited into the Shankill Butchers gang in 1975 by its notorious ringleader, Lenny Murphy. [18] Shortly after, Spence and three others were arrested. The latter had formally asked Spence for his daughter's hand in marriage during a prison visit. But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. It was the UVF's deadliest attack in Northern Ireland, and the deadliest attack in Belfast during the Troubles. On 17 February 1979, the UVF carried out its only major attack in Scotland, when its members bombed two pubs in Glasgow frequented by Irish-Scots Catholics. [72], On 12 February 2006, The Observer reported that the UVF was to disband by the end of 2006. [3] Spence Snr was a member of the Ulster Volunteers and had fought in the First World War. [45], Released from prison in 1984, Spence soon became a leading member of the UVF-linked Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and a central figure in the Northern Ireland peace process. View discounts Available for editorial and personal use only. The biggest of these was the 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed 34 civilians, making it the deadliest terrorist attack of the conflict. Read about our approach to external linking. The UVF killed four men in Belfast and trouble ended only when the LVF announced that it was disbanding in October of that year. [84] The Progressive Unionist Party's condemnation, and Dawn Purvis and other leaders' resignations as a response to the Moffett shooting, were also noted. Ms Purvis encouraged young loyalists at the funeral to read the political doctrines encouraged by Mr Spence. However, following significant political pressure, the UVF claimed in 2007 that it was decommissioning its weapons. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". Birgen, Julia. He had risen through its ranks to become a sergeant in the military police and the regiments flag was draped across his coffin. Eleven years ago he was forced out of his home on the Shankill Road by Johnny Adair's gang during one of the many loyalist paramilitary feuds. LocationLa Habra, CA 90631 EmailGet a free estimate Call(562) 579-5980. Until recent years,[12] it was noted for secrecy and a policy of limited, selective membership. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. [151][152] Between 1979 to 1986, Canadian supporters supplied the UVF/UDA with 100 machine guns and thousands of rifles, grenade launchers, magnum revolvers, and hundreds of thousands of rounds of ammunition. Unable to find their target, the men drove around in search of any Catholic instead. "He also sent a letter of condolence to the widow of Joe McCann, an IRA man, praising him as a soldier of Ireland.". [37] As the loyalist Maze commander, Spence initially also had jurisdiction over the imprisoned members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), although this came to an end in 1973 when, following a deterioration in relations between the two groups outside the prison walls, James Craig became the UDA's Maze commander. The funeral of 78-year-old Gusty Spence, the former leader of the UVF paramilitary organisation, has taken place in Belfast. 28 September 2011 Gusty Spence announced the loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994 Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. Adair's men forced their way into Spence's Shankill home but found it empty, as Spence tended to spend much of the summer at a caravan he owned in Groomsport. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. "FIFTH REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT MONITORING COMMISSION", Select Committee on Northern Ireland Affairs - Part One: The continuing threat from paramilitary organisations, "Inside story: Why the IRA never attacked Scotland", "Revealed: how Scots loyalists sent gelignite to paramilitaries. The arms are thought to have consisted of: The UVF used this new infusion of arms to escalate their campaign of sectarian assassinations. The 78-year-old had been ill for some time. Mr Spence was convicted for the murder of one of the victims, 18-year-old Peter Ward, who was shot dead after being identified as a Catholic while he drank in a mainly Protestant pub. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. He was born in the Shankill Road area of Belfast. [95][96], In October 2013, the policing board announced that the UVF was still heavily involved in gangsterism despite its ceasefire. 206, 207, Ed Moloney, Secret History of the IRA, p.321, "Voices From the Grave:Two Men's War in Ireland" Ed Moloney, Faber & Faber, 2010 pp 417. While republicans were the expressed target, the attacks that followed were explicitly sectarian. [2] He was sent to Crumlin Road Prison. During the service, mourners were told there is a campaign to have overturned the conviction for which Gusty Spence served a jail sentence, the killing of 18-year-old Belfast Catholic Peter Ward in 1966. Two UVF members, Harris Boyle and Wesley Somerville, were accidentally killed by their own bomb while carrying out this attack. UVF In 1961, Spence retired from the Royal Irish Rifles, which he had joined in 1957, on the grounds of ill health. Two members of the group survived the attack and later testified against those responsible. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. A former leader of the UVF's political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party, described him as "one of the pivots on which a page of Irish history turned". 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[108], The UVF's stated goal was to combat Irish republicanism particularly the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. Spence was initially held over the murder of the first victim of the Troubles, John Scullion, who was shot by the UVF in the Falls Road area of Belfast. A man once involved in conflict. [46] Some of the new Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as "Big Dog" and "Smudger". [146][147] Former MI5 agent Willie Carlin said: There were safe houses in Glasgow and Stirling. Nicholas Vella, a 14-year veteran of the Huntington Beach Police . [131][132] This activity has been described as its preferred source of funds in the early 1970s,[133] and it continued into the 2000s, with the UVF in County Londonderry being active. [11] He was also a member of the Royal Black Institution and the Apprentice Boys of Derry. Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. Skip to navigation [n] Skip to content [c] Skip to footer [f] Search Search. The initial aim of Ulster Resistance was to bring an end to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Drong de dhnmharfir srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id. "They are holding local communities to ransom. In keeping with his wishes, there will be no UVF trappings and his coffin will be draped in the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles in which he served. Gusty Spence announced the loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Of course, the UVF had a big role to play, with a masked Geordie Orr (another pivotal UVF figure notable by his absence from the book) and others . Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [50], Spence married Louie Donaldson, a native of the city's Grosvenor Road, on 20 June 1953 at Wellwood Street Mission, Sandy Row. Wright was apparently enraged by the nickname and made numerous threats to O'Hagan and Campbell. Ontario is to Ulster Protestants what Boston is to Irish Catholics." [151] On 10 February 1976, following the sudden uptick of violence against Catholic civilians by loyalist militants, Irish cardinal William Conway and nine other Catholic bishops met with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his cabinet, asking them as to where the loyalist militants had acquired guns, to which Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees replied "Canada". "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". Others who attended included Jeanette Irvine, the widow of the former PUP Assembly member, David Ervine, Dawn Purvis, the former PUP Assembly member who resigned from the party over the UVF's activities and the former Assembly member and former Human Rights Commissioner, Monica Mc Williams. [20], Since 1964 and the formation of the Campaign for Social Justice, there had been a growing civil rights campaign in Northern Ireland, seeking to highlight discrimination against Catholics by the unionist government of Northern Ireland. [30] Met by two members of the Red Hand Commando upon his release, Spence was informed of the need for a restructuring within the UVF and told not to return to prison. [60], In the 1980s, the UVF was greatly reduced by a series of police informers. We are heavily armed Protestants dedicated to this cause. Since the ceasefire, the UVF has been involved in rioting, drug dealing, organised crime, loan-sharking and prostitution. Almost 10 years later in October 1994, he was chosen to announce to the world that the main loyalist paramilitary groups, the UVF and the UDA, were declaring ceasefires in response to an IRA cessation. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . [125] Historically, the number of active UVF members in July 1971 was stated by one source to be no more than 20. [2], In August 2000, Spence was caught up in moves by Johnny Adair's "C" Company of the UDA to take control of the Shankill by forcing out the UVF and other opponents. Thousands of families, mostly Catholics, were forced to flee their homes and refugee camps were set up in the Republic of Ireland. This was in retaliation for attacks on Loyalist homes the previous weekend and after a young girl was hit in the face with a brick by Republicans. . Available for both RF and RM licensing. of which I have been speaking. [84] Eleven months later, a man was arrested and charged with the attempted murder of the UVF's alleged second-in-command Harry Stockman, described by the Belfast Telegraph as a "senior Loyalist figure". [21] This occurred despite Spence having been officially expelled from the Orange Order following his conviction. [2] He had been stationed in Cyprus and saw action fighting against the forces of Colonel Georgios Grivas. His funeral service is taking place at Saint Michael's church off the Shankill Road. "On behalf of Sinn Fein I would wish to extend my condolences to his family at this time.". [5] The family home was 66 Joseph Street in an area of the lower Shankill known colloquially as "the Hammer". Another loyalist paramilitary organisation called Ulster Resistance was formed on 10 November 1986. In response to events in Derry, nationalists held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent. Spence now argued that UVF members were soldiers and soldiers should not kill civilians, as had been the case at McGurk's Bar. These attacks were stepped up in the late 1980s and early 1990s, particularly in the east Tyrone and north Armagh areas. As a PUP representative he took a principal role in delivering the loyalist ceasefires of 1994. One of the first UVF members to be convicted of murder, Spence was a senior figure in the organisation for over a decade. Find the perfect gusty spence funeral stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. "While the talks may be slow, they are the only glint on the horizon, he said. A piper leads a procession for Huntington Beach Police Officer Nicholas Vella in La Habra, CA on Tuesday, February 22, 2022. The UVF's last major attack was the 1994 Loughinisland massacre, in which its members shot dead six Catholic civilians in a rural pub. page 1. Openly paraded with the UVF and thanked Gusty Spence repeatedly for his services to Ulster. The newspaper also reported that the group refused to decommission its weapons. He was sworn in soon afterwards in a ceremony held in secret near Pomeroy, County Tyrone. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Mr Lynch had many unionist friends, "some even politicians". VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. Spence's biographer Roy Garland said he had formed unlikely relationships and challenged conventional loyalist thinking. He then became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. [101], In April 2021, riots erupted across Loyalist communities in Northern Ireland.[relevant? He was buried in Bangor.[57][58]. They managed to procure a large cache of weapons and ammunition including L1A1 Self-Loading Rifles, Browning pistols, and Sterling submachine guns. [40] These were all subordinate to the Brigade Staff. She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. Fire also engulfed the house next door, killing the elderly Protestant widow, Matilda Gould (77), who lived there. ][102] On 11 April, the UVF reportedly ordered the removal of Catholic families from a housing estate in Carrickfergus. [80], In the twentieth IMC report, the group was said to be continuing to put its weapons "beyond reach", (in the group's own words) to downsize, and reduce the criminality of the group. [38] This came to a climax on 4 December, when the UVF bombed McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. [70], There followed years of violence between the two organisations. [36], Spence soon became the UVF commander within the Maze Prison. [116], Like the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF's modus operandi involved assassinations, mass shootings, bombings and kidnappings. She is committed to explaining your options. Spence is regarded as the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland but also the man who took the first steps towards ending UVF violence. [43] Jackson was allegedly the hitman who shot Hanna dead outside his home in Lurgan. 'S leadership is based in Belfast and known as the Brigade Staff in Northern Ireland, Some of first... That in his later life, he changed to become a sergeant in the group survived the and! Agent Willie Carlin said: There were safe houses in Glasgow and Stirling ] Spence went on to committed... Role model for many young men who would follow. `` in response to in. Bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id turned peacemaker Gusty Spence funeral stock,... Removal of Catholic families from a housing estate in Carrickfergus and saw action fighting against the of. 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